The Lincoln-Douglas Debates free essay sample

He believed in minority rights, meaning that he though that the minority group in the U. S. Should have the same or similar rights as the majority. He became the sixteenth president of The United States of America. President Abraham Lincoln is well known for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared slaves free forever, on January 1, 1863. Abraham Lincoln won re-election in 1864 after gaining the support of northern democrats. On April 14, 1 865, the sixteenth president of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln, was assassinated at Fords Theatre inWashington by John Wilkes Booth. Senator Stephen A. Douglas was born in Brandon, Vermont. Unlike Abraham Lincoln, he did not have to work as hard to get an education. In 1833, he began to study law under a local lawyer, but quit and moved to Jacksonville, Illinois 6 months later. In 1834 he was admitted to the Illinois Bar. Douglas was a leader in the Illinois Democratic Party. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lincoln-Douglas Debates or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shortly before he turned 22 he was elected to be the states attorney. In 1836 Douglas he was elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1840 he became the Illinois Secretary of State. In 1846 he served three consecutive terms in the U. S. Senate. In 1858 Senator Douglas once again, ran for U. S. Senate. This time his challenger was Abraham Lincoln a republican from Illinois. Lincoln and Douglas held a series of 7 debates in the seven congressional districts of Illinois. These debates were known as The Lincoln-Douglas Debates. He won the election for senate. Stephen A. Douglas died in June 1861 in Illinois after being severely weakened by a life of overwork and excessive drinking. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates took place in the seven different congressional strict of Illinois.The first debate took place in Ottawa, Illinois on August 21, 1858. This district would be the district that Chicago would be located in. The second Debate took place in Freeport, Illinois on August 27, 1858. Freeport was the northernmost congressional district in Illinois. The third debate took place in Joneses, Illinois on September 15, 1858. Joneses was the southernmost congressional district in Illinois. The fourth debate took place in Charleston, Illinois on September 18, 1858. The fifth debate took place in Eagleburger, Illinois on October 7, 1858. The sixth debate took place in Quince, Illinois on October 13, 1858. The seventh and final debate in the Lincoln- Douglas debate series took place in Alton, Illinois on October 15, 1858. During the Lincoln-Douglas debates many issues were discussed. The main issue of the Debates was slavery. They also discussed the issue of majority rule and minority right. Senator Douglas believed in majority rule, while Lincoln was supportive of minority rights. Because Senator Douglas was well known the Lincoln-Douglas Debates received national coverage.

New York University Graduate School Application †Example Essay

New York University Graduate School Application – Example Essay Free Online Research Papers New York University Graduate School Application Example Essay 1.Think about the decisions you have made in your life. Describe the following: PAST: What choices have you made that led you your current position? PRESENT: Why is a Stern MBA necessary at this point in your life? FUTURE: What is your desired position upon graduation from the Stern School? Since I had worked in the xxx department of xxx, established by my deceased father, the yearly income was $xx million in 19xx, my major problem was a lack of knowledge in Finance and Management. Upon graduation from undergraduate studies, I was employed in the Management Planning Team. Because I did not have the background in business administration from majoring in xxx Literature in undergraduate, I realized the difficulty in grasping the concept of general company matters, marketing analysis, and setting up the short and long-term marketing plan. When I participated in the future development of xxx and sales project for 10 months that began in February 19xx, I realized that I was incapable of successfully performing my duties as an Assistant Manager with 8 staff members for a project in which the company heavily depended upon. It was then that I had realized what special talent was needed to become a successful manager. For instance, while analyzing xxx, xxx’s technological advantage and marketing strategies, I realized the importance of learning Marketing Research and Strategy. I also realized the importance of Financial Management and Corporate Financial Policies when planning sales and marketing strategies for the future sales of xxx and strategies for increasing our market. Through these experiences, I became strongly motivated to applying to your college. If I am given the opportunity, I would like to study Corporate Finance and Financial Strategy. In my situation that I should come back to the xxx which was established by my deceased father and join the management team, without the knowledge of finance, I could not successfully manage the company and be an incompetent businessman. I would like to focus my studies on subjects relating to Entrepreneurship and Marketing. I believe that I am qualified to be competitive among your students because I have earned a certificate of Accounting an d Finance, sponsored by the xxx. Along with this basic background, I am currently studying Finance as a graduate student at the xxx University Business School. Stern School is my top choice for two main reasons. First of all, Stern offers diverse courses such as ‘Restructuring and Firm Industries,’ ‘Venture Capital Financing,’ and ‘Investment Strategy,’ that are not offered at the xxx University. Second reason is the many advantages that can be offered from the location of your school, with worldwide competitive corporations gathered in New York. Upon graduation from the Stern School, I plan to be the most representative person at xxx by learning and applying the strategies of these large growing global corporations in New York, and if possible I would like to analyze our competitors, xxx and xxx. I would also like to have experience with the U.S. market and its’ customer characteristics in preparation for future plan of xxx to set up xxx subsidiaries in U.S. I plan to work for 5 years at xxx after graduation from Stern, by improving xxx so that it will rank second to xxx. My long-term goal is to be able to challenge the CEO’s of the top 5 ranking companies in Korea, such as Hyundai of Korea. In addition, to achieve my goals, I plan to earn the CFA certification upon my MBA studies. Armed with the CFA certification and Top School’s International bent, strength in finance and management training, I will be ready to place that call to the trader in China, conduct a teleconference with xxx corporation in Tokyo, and visit the CFO in America. 2.Please agree or disagree with two of the following quotes. Give relevant reasons and/or examples to support your answer. â€Å"The truth is the strongest argument† An argument is one of the most important factor that creates an economic gap between western and eastern countries. The most critical theory in the West is an argument society. Because I grew up in a strict Confucius family, the idea of an argument with an older person was not accepted and prohibited. Those of the younger generation were to obey the older unconditionally. I was educated that because those who were older were considered to be wiser, there was no need to challenge them in their beliefs. Not only was I raised under Confucianism, but most of Korean students were educated and have been habitually behaving this way as well, that any form of disagreement with an elder is unacceptable. Generally, most students even after they have graduated from college, try not to argue with older students or professors. I came to realize the necessity of an argumentation society in Korea from my 2 years and a half experience at xxx. Top executives generally make critical decisions for the future of the company, solely based on their ideas, and by ignoring the other employees. Based on my experience in the company, a major decision without making a detailed analysis and not considering employees’ opinions was bound to be a failure, damaging the company with a tremendous loss. I would like to have the opportunity to experience and study in an argument society as can be demonstrated in American universities and companies, so that I can apply this theory for the future management of xxx. Another matter I would like to discuss about an argument is the truth behind an argumentation. I believe that the truth should support an argument persuasively. Even though an argument without a form of truth can win in the short-term, it is bound to be a failure in the long-run by its’ true evidence. I strongly believe that an argument under truth is a critical factor in the success of a company’s management. Today, some companies’ management strategy focuses only on techniques that can be beneficial for an argument rather than focusing on an argument based on the truth, in which some companies view as the key factor. In the end, the company will not survive in the long-run because the truth will be proven by the consumers. I would like to use such a situation of a company that induces the customers with false argumentation and their consequence as a precaution to the future strategic management of xxx. â€Å"Change in all things is sweet† Aristotle insisted that all changes are not developmental, but I would like to see changes in the most positive way. In my philosophy, although innovation can bring about negative consequences, effort for innovation should not be negatively perceived or underestimated. The relevance of this theory can be seen not only through my deceased father who had been working for the company for 30 years, but through my experience in the company for two and a half years, where employees were hesitant to make changes. My father has always been striving for ‘change,’ even though he was raised and educated in the typical Korean Confucian family. He always challenged the company’s conservative culture and encouraged a ‘creative mind,’ by emphasizing a common Korean proverb ‘old water in a small hole will be decayed.’ When I left the Management Planning Team of xxx, I proposed a sole brand strategy for the company beyond the set boundary of 5 years †“ xxx goal called OEM, with the strong influence of my late father. In order to be in competition with xxx, xxx and to create a global brand, xxx should in the long-run change to a sole brand priority beyond OEM that captures 70% of the total income. Even though my proposal was slow in its’ process, I believe that change in itself will be the cornerstone for the firm’s future development, since xxx never had significant changes for the past 15 years. First, the most important factor in change is the belief in success. Second, by investigation and definite strategic planning, there is a less chance for risks in the process of change. We should not mistakenly assume that once we make a change, we will have definitive results for success without any strategic preparation. I strongly support that a company that tries to make changes without the basis of knowledge and experience is bound to fail. These are the reasons for my desire to study in your college. 3.Describe yourself to your MBA classmates My nickname is ‘Godfather.’ I admire the old movie star named Marlon Brando because of his strong characteristics, which characterizes me. My close friend calls me the ‘Godfather’ because I listen to my friends’ worries and try to help them in the best way that I can. I am thankful to my parents who enabled me to grow up in a family that was economically and physically stable. I never had the experience of not being well off because my father was the president. Some might argue that this background was my weakness, however it was fortunate that I became a person who did not take this privilege for advantage and a person with self-control. I was strictly educated by my father who had a strong belief that â€Å"money can spoil a child.†The other reason for being called the ‘Godfather,’ is that when I was in middle school and high school, I secretly helped some of my poor friends who could not afford tuition. I remember back in high s chool when I helped a friend without letting him know for a year and a half, who was on the brink of being sent out for not paying tuition. However, when this secret was found out, my friends always called me the ‘Godfather.’ Growing up in a financially stable family influenced me to be a person with composure and flexibility. Such characteristics can be reflected upon my experience. When I was in the xxx management planning team, as an Assistant Manager, I delayed the deadline for the report and analysis of the xxx in the Korean market, even though the deadline was already set by the manager. Conflict arose between us. I did feel sorry for my wrongdoing, but I believe that managers should not push the employees especially when given a difficult task. From experience, I can say that trying to complete a difficult task within a limited amount of time can reduce the employee’s motivation and as a result make the work less qualitative. If I am given the opportunity to be a MBA candidate, I would like my fellow colleagues to recognize me as a person with flexibility a person who is willing to spend all night together, exploring new ideas for a report or a person who can help others relieve their stres s when feeling tense. Thank you. 4.Think about the decisions you have made in your life. Describe the following: PAST: What choices have you made that led you your current position? PRESENT: Why is a Stern MBA necessary at this point in your life? FUTURE: What is your desired position upon graduation from the Stern School? Since I had worked in the xxx department of xxx, whose yearly income was $xx million in 19xx, my major problem was a lack of knowledge in Finance and Management. Upon graduation from undergraduate studies, I was employed in the Management Planning Team. Because I did not have the background in business administration from majoring in xxx Literature in undergraduate, I realized the difficulty in grasping the concept of general company matters, marketing analysis, and setting up the short and long-term marketing plan. When I participated in the future development of xxx and sales project for 10 months that began in February 19xx, I realized that I was incapable of successfully performing my duties as an Assistant Manager with 8 staff members for a project in which the company heavily depended upon. It was then that I had realized what special talent was needed to become a successful manager. For instance, while analyzing xxx, xxx’s technological advantage and marketing strategies, I realized the importance of learning Marketing Research and Strategy. I also realized the importance of Financial Management and Corporate Financial Policies when planning sales and marketing strategies for the future sales of xxx and strategies for increasing our market. Through these experiences, I became strongly motivated to applying to your college. If I am given the opportunity, I would like to study Corporate Finance and Financial Strategy. In my situation that I should come back to the xxx, and join the management team, without the knowledge of finance, I could not successfully manage the company and be an incompetent businessman. I would like to focus my studies on subjects relating to Entrepreneurship and Marketing. I believe that I am qualified to be competitive among your students because I have earned a certificate of Accounting and Finance, sponsored by the xxx. Along with this basic background, I am currently studying Finance as a graduate student at the xxx University Business School. Stern School is my top choice for two main reasons. First of all, Stern offers diverse courses such as ‘Restructuring and Firm Industries,’ ‘Venture Capital Financing,’ and ‘Investment Strategy,’ that are not offered at the xxx University. Second reason is the many advantages that can be offered from the location of your school, with worldwide competitive corporations gathered in New York. Upon graduation from the Stern School, I plan to be the most representative person at xxx by learning and applying the strategies of these large growing global corporations in New York, and if possible I would like to analyze our competitors, xxx and xxx. I would also like to have experience with the U.S. market and its’ customer characteristics in preparation for future plan of xxx to set up xxx subsidiaries in U.S. I plan to work for 5 years at xxx after graduation from Stern, by improving xxx so that it will rank second to xxx. My long-term goal is to be able to challenge the CEO’s of the top 5 ranking companies in Korea, such as Hyundai of Korea. In addition, to achieve my goals, I plan to earn the CFA certification upon my MBA studies. Armed with the CFA certification and Top School’s International bent, str ength in finance and management training, I will be ready to place that call to the trader in China, conduct a teleconference with xxx corporation in Tokyo, and visit the CFO in America. 5.Please agree or disagree with two of the following quotes. Give relevant reasons and/or examples to support your answer. â€Å"The truth is the strongest argument† An argument is one of the most important factors that create an economic gap between western and eastern countries. The most critical theory in the West is an argument society. Because I grew up in a strict Confucius family, the idea of an argument with an older person was not accepted and prohibited. Those of the younger generation were to obey the older unconditionally. I was educated that because those who were older were considered to be wiser, there was no need to challenge them in their beliefs. Not only was I raised under Confucianism, but most of Korean students were educated and have been habitually behaving this way as well, that any form of disagreement with an elder is unacceptable. Generally, most students even after they have graduated from college try not to argue with older students or professors. I came to realize the necessity of an argumentation society in Korea from my 2 years and a half experience at xxx. Top executives generally make critical decisions for the f uture of the company, solely based on their ideas, and by ignoring the other employees. Based on my experience in the company, a major decision without making a detailed analysis and not considering employees’ opinions was bound to be a failure, damaging the company with a tremendous loss. I would like to have the opportunity to experience and study in an argument society as can be demonstrated in American universities and companies, so that I can apply this theory for the future management of xxx. Another matter I would like to discuss about an argument is the truth behind an argumentation. I believe that the truth should support an argument persuasively. Even though an argument without a form of truth can win in the short-term, it is bound to be a failure in the long run by its’ true evidence. I strongly believe that an argument under truth is a critical factor in the success of a company’s management. Today, some companies’ management strategy focuses only on techniques that can be beneficial for an argument rather than focusing on an argument based on the truth, in which some companies view as the key factor. In the end, the company will not survive in the long run because the truth will be proven by the consumers. I would like to use such a situation of a company that induces the customers with false argumentation and their consequence as a precaution to the future strategic management of xxx. â€Å"Change in all things is sweet† Aristotle insisted that all changes are not developmental, but I would like to see changes in the most positive way. In my philosophy, although innovation can bring about negative consequences, effort for innovation should not be negatively perceived or underestimated. The relevance of this theory can be seen not only through my deceased father who had been working for the company for 30 years, but through my experience in the company for two and a half years, where employees were hesitant to make changes. My father has always been striving for ‘change,’ even though he was raised and educated in the typical Korean Confucian family. He always challenged the company’s conservative culture and encouraged a ‘creative mind,’ by emphasizing a common Korean proverb ‘old water in a small hole will be decayed.’ When I left the Management Planning Team of xxx. I proposed a sole brand strategy for the company beyond the set boundary of 5 years †“ xxx goal called OEM, with the strong influence of my late father. In order to be in competition with xxx, xxx and to create a global brand, xxx should in the long-run change to a sole brand priority beyond OEM that captures 70% of the total income. Even though my proposal was slow in its’ process, I believe that change in itself will be the cornerstone for the firm’s future development, since xxx never had significant changes for the past 15 years. First, the most important factor in change is the belief in success. Second, by investigation and definite strategic planning, there is a less chance for risks in the process of change. We should not mistakenly assume that once we make a change, we would have definitive results for success without any strategic preparation. I strongly support that a company that tries to make changes without the basis of knowledge and experience is bound to fail. These are the reasons for my desire to study in your college. Research Papers on New York University Graduate School Application EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemStandardized TestingResearch Process Part OneLifes What IfsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Significant Others and Art Partnerships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Significant Others and Art Partnerships - Essay Example However, Diego Rivera’s work would be more open and fantastic while Frida Kahlos was more intimate and personal in scale. According to Herrera (1993, p.208), their ways to deal with fine art takes after male and female stereotypes that prevailed in most parts of the world, particularly in Mexico. Interestingly, Kahlos and Diegos perspective of each others piece of work demonstrated a strong bond between the two artists. Both Diego and Frida accepted the fact that their need to paint was an unconstrained desire with a biological point of view. For example, Diego tirelessly encouraged his wife to continue creating artwork despite the numerous surgical operations that never healed her legs and back due to an accident. In similar fashion, Frida thought that her husband was the greatest artist in the entire world. In fact, she used to refer to him as "the architect of life" (Herrera, 1993, p.209). Furthermore, Frida’s engagement with her husband intensified her political ideologies. Before his suspension, Diego was a member of the Mexican Communist Party and played a significant role in the politics of Mexico. Although Frida’s work never portrayed any political messages, her complex Mexicanism prompted the utilization of prehispanic and popular sources of art in Mexico. Several artists and intellectuals who embraced the native Mexican culture admired the couple’s artwork. Without any doubt, Diego’s artwork composed of prehispanic sculptures and numerous ex-votos (Herrera, p.211). In spite of the fact that Diego Rivera had an accomplishment as a cubist painter in Europe, his artwork significantly changed throughout his career. Both the Mexican and Russian revolutions, government overthrows which took place in 1914 and 1917 respectively, strongly influenced

Drug Law and Policies; A Danger to Our Freedom and Privacy Essay

Drug Law and Policies; A Danger to Our Freedom and Privacy - Essay Example The agencies concerned with drug control have acknowledged that there are more problems when some drugs are treated as illegal than when they are legalized (March, Oviedo & Romero, 2006, p27-33) This paper talks about the inappropriate moves that the government have made under the umbrella of protection as from the harm caused by drugs. Actually, the penalty for smoking a 2-inch long bang is more risky to one’s health than the smoke from the drug. The penalty is in the most case related to discrimination, induced stigmatization, exposure to poor health, escalation of drug-related crime and negative environmental impact... Everywhere in the world, the public to admit that war on drugs has the significant negative impact in their lives, in some minor case the moves succeeds in making a wrong right. Undermining of fundamental liberties and human rights are a common phenomenon that a person found d to be using drugs have to experience in the hands of the law enforcement officers. The inhuman punishments, unfair trial standards and demonization of people are just but a few weapons widely used to fight drugs (David, 2006, p17-36). Technically, the war appears not to be against drugs but the humans. To some extent, the officers go to the extreme ends of shooting down criminals without being subjected to fair trials. Often first pages of public magazines start with the crime scene in which a suspected drug lord has been gunned down at a checkpoint, this means that the war on drug permits the use of orthodox measure including a sentence to death without trial at a mere suspicion drugs abuse. The law permits po lice officers to arrest anyone suspected of committing a crime, but when it comes to the case of drug addicts, they are always subjected to harassment that includes beatings and detention for a long period of time pending investigations (William, 2014, p20-24). These detention facilities are not pleasant places, they are more like the prison, the only difference is that in a prison one is allowed to see a lawyer often making the detention facilities worse than prisons.

Business Process Recommendations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Process Recommendations - Essay Example   Process planning is another area that requires improvement. Improved process planning will allow for the implementation of more efficient production processes. Since the products contain many similar parts and sub-assemblies, we recommend designing a revised assembly process that includes elements of both mass production and batch production. A production line for standard subassemblies will feed the other lines that will produce the four different models.An improved inventory management system is required to allow for adequately meeting customer demands, efficient assembly operations, and cost control. We recommend implementing a continuous inventory system at GTNT. With proper implementation, it is a valuable tool that will control inventory levels, eliminate stock outs, and also minimize risk and total cost.   The various parts for the four models should be located directly adjacent to the production line, so they are easily accessible.   Once all the necessary improvement s are implemented there will be neither more finger neither pointing nor bickering amongst team members, in contrary, the communication and workflow will improve.   After having an accurate forecast, a better inventory system process and making parts accessible to the team next to the production lines will allow the team members to work cohesively with each other.   For example, the new forecast will allow for better planning and management that will communicate to the team member’s daily, weekly and monthly expectations.     

Behavoural changes ie smoking censation

Behavoural changes ie smoking censation Behavoural Changes ie smoking censation This essay will discuss the Behaviour Change Model of Health education or The Trans-theoretical Model, (TTM) in relation to smoking cessation. As G. K. Chesterton once said, â€Å"It isnt that they cant see the solution. It is that they cant see the problem.† Families, friends, neighbours, or employees, however, are often well aware that the pre-contemplators have problems. Stages of Change Prochaska DiClement`s transtheoretical model (1984,1986; Prochaska et al 1992) is important in describing the process of change. The model derived from their work on encouraging change in addiction behaviours, although it can be used to show that most people go through stages when trying to change or acquire behaviours. American psychologists, Jim Prochaska and Carlo Di Clement, Termination. Process of change. Downloaded By: [Glasgow Caledonian University] At: 14:49 12 July 2009 4 ADDICTIONS NURSING NETWORKNOLUME 5, NUMBER 1,1993 In our studies using the discrete categorization measurement of stages of change, we ask whether the individual is seriously intending to change the problem behavior in the near future, typically within the next six months. If not, he or she is classified as a precontemplator. Even precontemplators can wish to change, but this seems to be quite different from intending or seriously considering change in the next six months. Items that are used to identify precontemplation on the continuous stage of change measure include â€Å"As far as Im concerned, I dont have any problems that need changing† and â€Å"I guess I have faults, but theres nothing that I really need to change.† Resistance to recognizing or modifying a problem is the hallmark of precontemplation . Splral Pattern of Change. Many New Years resolvers report five or more years of consecutive pledges before maintaining the behavioral goal for at least six months (Norcross Vangarelli, 1989). Relapse and recycling through the stages occur quite frequently as individuals attempt to modify or cease addictive behaviors. Variations of the stage model are being used increasingly by behavior change specialists to investigate the dynamics of relapse (e.g., Brownell et al., 1986; Donovan Marlatt, 1988). Because relapse is the rule rather than the exception with addictions, we found that we needed to modify our original stage model. Initially we conceptualized change as a linear progression through the stages; people were supposed to progress simply and discretely through each step. Linear progression is a possible but relatively rare phenomenon with addictive behaviors. Figure 1 presents a spiral pattern that illustrates how most people actually move through the stages of change. In this spiral pattern, people can progress from contemplation to preparation to action to maintenance, but most individuals will relapse. During relapse, individuals regress to an earlier stage. Some TERYINATION a YAHTENANCE PRECONTEYPLATIOW CONTEYPLATKJN PREPARATKJ relapsers feel like failures-embanassed, ashamed, and guilty. These individuals become demoralized and resist thinking about behavior change. As a result, they return to the precontemplation stage and can remain there for various periods of time. Approximately 15% of smokers who relapsed in our self-change research regressed back to the precontemplation stage (Prochaska DiClemente, 1986). Fortunately, this research indicates that the vast majority of relapsers85% of smokers, for example- recycle back to the contemplation or preparation stages (Prochaska DiClemente, 1984). They begin to consider plans for their next action attempt while trying to learn from their recent efforts. To take another example, fully 60% of unsuccessful New Years resolvers make the same pledge the next year (Norcross, Ratzin, Payne, 1989; Norcross Vangarelli, 1989). The spiral model suggests that most relapsers do not resolve endlessly in circles and that they do not regress all the way back to where they began. Instead, each time relapsers recycle through the stages, they potentially learn from their mistakes and can try something different the next time around (DiClemente et al., 1991). On any one trial, successful behavior change is limited in the absolute numbers of individuals who are able to achieve maintenance (Cohen et al., 1989; Schachter, 1982). Nevertheless, in a cohort of individuals, the number of successes continues to increase gradually over time. However, a large number of individuals remain in contemplation and precontemplation stages. Ordinarily, the more action taken, the better the prognosis. Much more research is needed to better distinguish those who benefit from recycling from those who end up spinning their wheels. Arguments for and against Conclusion Influencing the people to change behaviours such as how they eat,excersice ,drink, smoke requires a long term commoitment but it is a process that they can sucseed. Nurses have a key role to play in influencing behaviour of their patients, and health promotion should be embed MAINTENANCE: practice required for the new behaviour to be consistently maintained, incorporated into the repertoire of behaviours available to a person at any one time. ACTION: people make changes, acting on previous decisions, experience, information, new skills, and motivations for making the change. PREPARATION: person prepares to undertake the desired change requires gathering information, finding out how to achieve the change, ascertaining skills necessary, deciding when change should take place may include talking with others to see how they feel about the likely change, considering impact change will have and who will be affected. CONTEMPLATION: something happens to prompt the person to start thinking about change perhaps hearing that someone has made changes or something else has changed resulting in the need for further change. PRECONTEMPLATION: changing a behaviour has not been considered; person might not realise that change is possible or that it might be of interest to them. Source: The Behavior Change spiral from What do they want us to do now? AFAO 1996 ded in daily practice. E following review explores and considers some of the major theories of behaviour and behaviour change that may be pertinent to the development of effective interventions in travel behaviour, including theories and concepts from mainstream psychology, and the associated sub-disciplines of health, leisure, recreation, physical activity and exercise psychology. For many years conceptual models of behaviour change, such as Banduras Social Cognitive Learning Theory (1986), Beckers Health Belief Model (1974), Azjen and Fishbeins Theory of Reasoned Action (1975); have been applied across a wide variety of disciplines, including travel and road user behaviour. Considerable attention has been given in the literature to models of individual behaviour change per se but much less attention has been given to models or theories that attempt to understand behaviour change within groups, organisations and whole communities. The design of programs to reach populations requires an understanding of how those communities work, their barriers and enablers to change, and what influences their behaviours in general. Stage Theories of Behaviour Change Mounting evidence suggests that behaviour change occurs in stages or steps and that movement through these stages is neither unitary or linear, but rather, cyclical, involving a pattern of adoption, maintenance, relapse, and readoption over time. The work of Prochaska and DiClemente (1986) and their colleagues have formally identified the dynamics and structure of staged behaviour change. In attempting to explain these patterns of behaviour, Prochaska and DiClemente developed a transtheoretical model of behavioural change, which proposes that behaviour change occurs in five distinct stages through which people move in a cyclical or spiral pattern. The first of these stages is termed precontemplation. In this stage, there is no intent on the part of the individual to change his or her behaviour in the foreseeable future. The second stage is called contemplation, where people are aware that a problem exists and are seriously considering taking some action to address the problem. However, at this stage, they have not made a commitment to undertake action. The third stage is described as preparation, and involves both intention to change and some behaviour, usually minor, and often meeting with limited success. Action is the fourth stage where individuals actually modify their behaviour, experiences, or environment in order to overcome their problems or to meet their goals. The fifth and final stage, maintenance, is where people work to prevent relapse and consolidate the gains attained in the action stage. The stabilization of behaviour change and the avoidance of relapse are characteristic of the maintenance stage. Prochaska and DiClemente further suggest that behavioural change occurs in a cyclical process that involves both progress and periodic relapse. That is, even with successful behaviour change, people likely will move back and forth between the five stages for some time, experiencing one or more periods of relapse to earlier stages, before moving once again through the stages of contemplation, preparation, action and eventually, maintenance. In successful behavioural change, while relapses to earlier stages inevitably occur, individuals never remain within the earlier stage to MAINTENANCE: practice required for the new behaviour to be consistently maintained, incorporated into the repertoire of behaviours available to a person at any one time. ACTION: people make changes, acting on previous decisions, experience, information, new skills, and motivations for making the change. PREPARATION: person prepares to undertake the desired change requires gathering information, finding out how to achieve the change, ascertaining skills necessary, deciding when change should take place may include talking with others to see how they feel about the likely change, considering impact change will have and who will be affected. CONTEMPLATION: something happens to prompt the person to start thinking about change perhaps hearing that someone has made changes or something else has changed resulting in the need for further change. PRECONTEMPLATION: changing a behaviour has not been considered; person might not realise that change is possible or that it might be of interest to them. Source: The Behavior Change spiral from What do they want us to do now? AFAO 1996 which they have regressed, but rather, spiral upwards, until eventually they reach a state where most of their time is spent in the maintenance stage. Further work undertaken and reported by Prochaska et el (1992) suggests that behaviour change can only take place in the context of an enabling or supportive environment. Prochaskas and DiClementes model has received considerable support in the research literature. Their model has also been shown to have relevance for understanding, among other things, patterns of physical activity participation and adherence and would have relevance in bringing about change in travel behaviours. Consistent with the above perspective, Sallis and Nader (1988) also have suggested a stage approach to explaining movement behaviour, particularly in family groups, with research aimed at understanding better the cyclical patterns of movement activity SOCIAL FEATURES nature of personal elationships; expectations of class, position, age, gender;access to knowledge, information. CULTURAL FEATURES the behaviours and attitudes considered acceptable in given contexts eg. relating to sex, gender, drugs, leisure, participation. ETHICAL SPIRITUAL FEATURES influence of personal and shared values and discussion about moral systems from which those are derived can include rituals, religion nd rights of passage. LEGAL FEATURES laws determining what people can do and activities to encourage observance of those laws . POLITICAL FEATURES systems of governance in which change will have to take place can, for example, limit access to information and involvement in social action. RESOURCE FEATURES affect what is required to make things happen covers human, financial and material resources; community knowledge and skills; and items for exchange Source: The Behavior Change spiral from What do they want us to do now? AFAO 1996 involvement, including adoption, maintenance, and relapse, and interventions aimed at minimizing the amount of time individuals spend in the relapse stage as well as maximizing time spent in action or maintenance. This stage approach is contrasted to the all or none approach to physical activity participation that often characterized early research on exercise adherence. Such a staged approach sits well with any school based program that is focussed on travel behaviour change given that the context in which the program is to be applied would see fluctuations in the positive and negative influences according to such things as work and time demands of family members, weather, events or incidents in the local neighbourhood that may influence perceptions of safety. Parallel with the work of Prochaska and DiClemente, Rogers, (1983) also developed a stage-based theory to explain how new ideas or innovations are disseminated and adopted at the community and population levels. Rogers identified five distinct stages in the process of diffusion of any new initiative or innovation. These are knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Rogers argued that the diffusion of an innovation is enhanced when the perceived superiority of an innovation is high compared to existing practice (i.e. the relative advantage), and when the compatibility of the innovation with the existing social system is perceived to be high (i.e. compatibility). Other important influences on the diffusion process are said to be complexity, triability, and observability, with innovations which are of low complexity, easily observed, and that are able to be adopted on a trial basis, being associated with greater adoption and swifter diffusion. Building success and comfort during the early stages of the implementation of the TravelSMART Schools program will be paramount to its success. Rogers classifies individuals as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, late adopters, and laggards, dependent upon when during the overall diffusion process they adopt a new idea or behaviour. While this model has not been tested empirically to date, it has been adapted and applied in health promotion settings usually in conjunction with social learning theory and/or self-efficacy theory, with some success. It certainly warrants attention in the development of the TravelSMART Schools program. In summarizing the various stage models of behaviour change that have been proposed over the past two decades, Owen and Lee (1984) highlighted a number of commonalties they share. These authors propose an integrated stage-based model in which behaviour change is viewed as a cyclical process that involves five stages of: awareness of the problem and a need to change motivation to make a change skill development to prepare for the change initial adoption of the new activity or behaviour, and maintenance of the new activity and integration into the lifestyle. In terms of a TravelSMART program this may mean: Five stages of behaviour change Examples of content and processes Awareness of the problem and a need to change Provision of, or ways to seek information on the dependence on motorised travel; evidence of the greenhouse effect; issues relation to building relationships and fitness Motivation to make a change Benefits of increased personal fitness; benefits of leaving the car at home eg. environmental and social Skill development to prepare for the change Mapping of the local area to identify alternative forms of travel, ways to negotiate with reluctant family members or peers to manage the need to carry; strategies for trip chaining and travel blending Initial adoption of the new activity or behaviour Self monitoring of newly adopted behaviours to, opportunities for reflections and comparisons Maintenance of the new activity and integration into the lifestyle Provision of feedback on how the change is going, and an injection of new ideas or strategy An important aspect of both Prochaskas and DiClementes approach and that suggested by Owen and Lee is that each of the five stages of behaviour change is said to involve different cognitive processes and require different treatments or intervention strategies for the overall change process to be successful. Prochaska and DiClemente (1992) outlined a number of cognitive change processes that have been found to be associated with each stage. Other researchers also propose that different stages in the change process require different intervention strategies, and generally recommend a multifaceted, community-based approach to intervention in which all stages are addressed so that individuals at all stages of readiness for change can potentially be influenced. This sits well with the overall TravelSMART programs TravelSMART Communities, TravelSMART Workplaces and TravelSMART Schools. A major insight offered by stage theories of behaviour change, then, is the emphasis they place on matching interventions to the stage of readiness of the individual. This kind of approach provides an excellent framework for understanding and examining individual differences in motivation for, and involvement in, change in travel behaviours over time, including patterns of initiation, maintenance, relapse, and resumption. In summary, theories that conceptualise behaviour change in terms of a cyclical process through which individuals move in stages, have received empirical support in the research, and appear to offer much promise for understanding travel behaviours and curricula to bring about changes in travel behaviour. A major strength of the Stages of Change model is that it has also been used in conjunction with a variety of other theories and models that are relevant to different levels of influence at an intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community or public policy level. (Glanz and Rimer (1995) as reported by Oldenberg et al (1999)) Social Cognitive-Behavioural Theories and Similar Theories Social Cognitive Theory explains human behaviour in terms of a triadic, dynamic and reciprocal model in which behaviour, personal factors, and environmental influences interact. It addresses both the psychological dynamics underlying behaviour and their methods for promoting behaviour change. It is a very complex theory and includes many key constructs. Self-efficacy is one of the key concepts. Self-efficacy refers to ones confidence in the ability to take action and persist in action. It is seen by Bandura (1986) as perhaps the single most important factor in promoting changes in behaviour. Measures of self-efficacy and some of the other key concepts from Social Cognitive Theory have also been identified as key determinants of movement through the stages of change, (Oldenburg, 1999). Self-efficacy expectations have been found repeatedly to be important determinants of: the choice of activities in which people engage how much energy they will expend on such activities and the degree of persistence they demonstrate in the face of failure and/or adversity. In general, higher levels of self-efficacy for a given activity are associated with higher participation in that activity. Similarly, and closely aligned to Social Cognitive Theory, Attribution Theory proposes that individuals generally view their performance (and thus, their successes and failures) as dependent upon ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. In addition, causal influences are seen as either internal to the individual (e.g. personal ability), or external (e.g. barriers to community safety, lack of convenient and attractive travel alternatives). The distinction between internal and external attributions is an important one, in that how we attribute our personal successes and failures has been shown to be related to not only our behaviour, but our self-esteem, our perceptions of personal control, our self-efficacy for different tasks and/or performance situations, and our ongoing involvement in different activities. For example, a person who attributes their failure to change their dependence on motorised travel to their inherent lack of ability to identify and use alternatives will be less likely to continue with the alternative modes of travel after the educational program has ceased. A persons attributions for personal success and failure in a given situation, then, determines how that person feels about the task, as well as the amount of effort he or she is likely to invest in the task the next time around. When failure is attributed to low personal ability and a difficult task, individuals are more likely to give up sooner, select easier alternatives, such as using personal motorised travel, and lower their goals. Conversely, when failure is attributed to external factors such as bad luck, individuals are likely to have higher motivations to continue and to try again for success. Attitudes and their potential relationship to behaviour also have been studied extensively. In general, attitudes have not generally been found to be consistently related to behaviour. This failure to demonstrate a consistent relationship between attitudes and behaviour may be because situational factors also exert a powerful influence on behaviour. In addition, how attitudes have been defined and measured in different studies varies considerably. Research has demonstrated consistently that an attitude is likely to predict behaviour when: the attitude includes a specific behavioural intention when both the attitude and the intention are very specific and when the attitude is based on first-hand experience . These aspects of the behaviour-attitude relationship have been addressed in the Theory of Reasoned Action, which focuses on the role of context-specific attitudes in defining behaviour. In this model, behaviour is seen as a function of a persons intention, which in turn is comprised of the individuals attitudes towards performing the behaviour and the influence of perceived social norms concerning the performance of the behaviour. Attitudes are affected by the persons beliefs about the perceived consequences of performing a given action, and his or her subjective evaluation of each of the consequences. Drawing this together, any published individually focused and community based health behaviour change and health promotion programs have generally been based on Social Cognitive theories utilising techniques that emphasise the cognitive and social mediators of behaviour. Interventions based on cognitive learning theory emphasize self-management principles and strategies. Other Theories to Consider Personality Theories Personality theories explain behaviour largely in terms of stable traits or patterns of behaviour which are viewed as resistant to change and inalterable. Rogers, (1985), classification of individuals into the five categories of innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, late adopters, and laggards is an example of this kind of approach to understanding behaviour. A major limitation of personality theories is that they do not take account of important aspects of the physical, social and economic environments, or the previous experiences of the individual, which also are known to strongly influence behaviour. For this reason, personality theories alone now are generally considered inadequate to explain behaviour change. Learning and Behaviour Theories Learning theorists have demonstrated that behaviour can be changed by providing appropriate rewards, incentives, and/or disincentives. In learning or behaviourist approaches, these rewards and incentives are typically incorporated into structured reinforcement schedules, and the process of behaviour changes is often termed behaviour modification. While effective in bringing about behaviour change, such approaches require a high level of external control over both the physical and social environment, and the incentives (or disincentives) used to reinforce certain behaviours and discourage others. This kind of control is hard to maintain in real life settings, and thus, strict behaviourist approaches are subject to a number of limitations. Social Learning Theory Social learning theory is similar to learning and behaviour theories in that it focuses on specific, measurable aspects of behaviour. Learning theories, however, view behaviour as being shaped primarily by events within the environment, whereas social learning theory views the individual as an active participant in his or her behaviour, interpreting events and selecting courses of action based on past experience. Again, one important theory deriving from social learning theory which has had a major impact on many current models of behaviour change is that of self-efficacy. As stated earlier, self-efficacy expectations have to do with a persons beliefs in his or her abilities to successfully execute the actions necessary to meet specific situational demands. Such expectations have been found to be consistently related to behaviour across a wide range of situations and populations sub-groups. Social Psychological Theories Social psychological theories are concerned with understanding how events and experiences external to a person (i.e. aspects of the social situation and physical environment) influence his or her behaviour. Emphasis is placed on aspects of the social context in which behaviour occurs, including social norms and expectations, cultural mores, social stereotypes, group dynamics, cohesion, attitudes and beliefs. A number of useful concepts have emerged from social psychological theories, including attribution, locus of control, and cognitive dissonance, to name a few. Social Cognitive Approaches Social cognitive approaches combine aspects of social psychological theories with components of both social learning theory and cognitive behavioural approaches. Social-cognitive approaches emphasize the persons subjective perceptions and interpretations of a given situation or set of events, and argue that these need to be taken into account if we are to understand adequately both behaviour and the processes of behaviour change. A number of social psychological concepts have been found to be consistently related to behaviour change across a wide range of situations. For example, the social reality of a the group (e.g. peer group, school group, family group etc.) will affect an individuals behaviour. All groups are characterized by certain group norms, beliefs and ways of behaving, and these can strongly affect the behaviour of the group members. Expectations of significant or respected others can also have a strong influence on a persons behaviour. This phenomenon has been most consistently demonstrated in the early research on self-fulfilling prophecies, which showed that teachers expectations of their students were consistently related to the students subsequent performance, even when these expectations were based on falsified information. Thus, support and encouragement, or conversely, low expectations from significant or respected others, can affect and bring about, (or not), changes in individual behaviour. Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model attempts to explain health-behaviour in terms of individual decision-making, and proposes that the likelihood of a person adopting a given healthrelated behaviour is a function of that individuals perception of a threat to their personal health, and their belief that the recommended behaviour will reduce this threat. Thus, a person would be more likely to adopt a given behaviour (e.g. walk or cycle regularly) if non-adoption of that behaviour (e.g. unclean air or confused traffic situations) is perceived as a health threat and adoption is seen as reducing that threat. To date, the Health Belief Model has not received consistent or strong support in explaining behaviour change. When the concept of self-efficacy is added to the model, however, prediction of behaviour increases. Social Marketing Another approach that has been used to bring about behaviour change is that of social marketing. The concept of social marketing is based on marketing principles and focuses on four key elements, including: development of a product the promotion of the product the place the price. As such, this approach is not so much a theory of behaviour change but a proposed framework, which situates people as consumer who will potentially buy into a certain idea or argument, given the appropriate selling techniques are applied. It is then assumed that the buying in to that idea by individuals will result in behaviour change. Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour Habit strength is another concept that has been found to be important in predicting or changing behaviour. Habit is an important element of the theory of interpersonal behaviour, which proposes that the likelihood of engaging in a given behaviour is a function of: the habit of performing the behaviour the intention to perform the behaviour conditions which act to facilitate or inhibit performance of the behaviour. In turn, intentions are said to be shaped by a cognitive component, an affective component, a social component, and a personal normative belief. The theory of i

Profile of the Self Essay -- Decision Making Personality Essays

Profile of the Self  Ã‚   â€Å"You are requested to close the eyes.† This urging that Sigmund Freud experienced in a dream helped to unlock repressed feelings, and gave him insight into his personality. Fortunately, there are now tests available to help us to understand ourselves. Our behavior can be determined and understood by analyzing different aspects of ourselves. The four main aspects are: Decision Making, Self-Concept, Interpersonal Relationships, and Affect. Decision Making is very important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making decisions is really much more complicated than it seems. When I make decisions, my Id, Ego, and Superego decide my fate. Unfortunately for me, my Id wins far too often, as I often do not study enough. Other personality traits, such as my tendency to over-think and analyze too many things, also play a role. This can influence my other behaviors by making me seem cold and distant with others because I’m too busy thinking. My self-concept is also important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Self-concept is how I view myself. This affects me in a number of ways. My self esteem and role expectations are all based off of my self-concept. My self-concept also can be a self-fulfilling prophecy. If I think that I have low self discipline, then I may subconsciously change my behavior to achieve what I think I am or should be. My real self still does not meet with my ideal self, which could potentially cause problems, or cause things to go well. My inadequacies in orderliness can never improve as long a...

Legalizing Same Sex Marriage

Damien. Lorden Unit 3 Individual Project There are many cause and effects to legalizing same-sex marriage, whether they are beneficial or not depends on the situation at hand. It’s becoming more common in today’s society to be homosexual. Most of the older generations think that it’s something that shouldn’t be legalized, weather it is has to deal with religion, someone’s way of life or whatever else the case may be.Although on the other hand, the younger generations now are becoming more accepting of the thought of same-sex couples. Most young adults/teenagers think that same-sex marriage is acceptable; that everyone should have the right to be happy and love is love no matter what they are. Even though there have been some good bad explanations to why same-sex marriage shouldn’t be legal; there are also many reasons why same-sex marriage should be legalized. There are many benefits to legalizing same-sex marriage that most neglect to realiz e.According to Ramesh Ponnuru in â€Å"Coming out Ahead,† Ponnuru states, â€Å"three causes that change the public’s attitude towards same-sex marriage are sexual revolution, gay activism in the 1990’s, and the disappointment of social conservative organizations† (Ponnuru, 2003). He continues to state â€Å"it’s time for conservatives to take their cue from the New Jersey Nets, or maybe from those hard-luck kids, the Boston Red Sox† (Ponnuru, 2003). He explains how it’s time to accept the revolution and stop trying to use other problems to avoid the difference in lifestyles of the old days and face the new upcoming eras.The times are changing and so should the way the government compares the new rules and regulations of today to previous eras and generations. The way people think and live today are similar, but not the same to how we thought and lived back then. The technology, economy, government, and even schools have changed throu ghout time. If inanimate objects can change throughout time with rules and regulations changing based on their evolution, why can’t rules and regulation change based on era changes/evolutions?In â€Å"What Century Is This Anyway† Edmund White states how â€Å"his generation watched their families marry and with that, 1 out of every 2 marriages ended with a divorce† (White, 1998). With White’s previous quote it could be used as a statement to help benefit legalizing same-sex marriage because: with legalizing same-sex marriage it could help by increasing marriage rates and help with lowering or at least maintaining the divorce rate. â€Å"The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was the state of Massachusetts in 2004† (ProCon. org, 2013).This had lead Massachusetts to have â€Å"their divorce rate lowered 21% between the years 2003 and 2008 also resulting in the lowest divorce rate in the country in 2008† (ProCon. org, 2013). On the other hand, â€Å"Alaska was the first state to alter its constitution to ban same-sex marriage in 1998 causing an increase of 17. 2% in its divorce rate† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Between the years 2003 to 2008, the seven states with the highest divorce rating all had constitutional prohibitions to same-sex marriage† (ProCon. org, 2013). Most would think that divorce rates count for at least something in the government and economy today.On the gaymarriage. procon. org website is a list of pros and cons for legalizing same-sex marriage. According to one of the many pros listed, â€Å"same-sex marriage could benefit everyone by financial gain to state and local governments† (ProCon. org). Between â€Å"marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the so-called â€Å"marriage penalty†), and the decreases in costs for state benefit programs. The Comptroller for New York City found that legalizing gay marriage would bring $142 million to the City’s economy and $184 million to the State’s economy over three years† (ProCon. org). Same-sex marriage will also make it easier for same-sex couples to adopt† (ProCon. org, 2013). This would benefit the â€Å"US with the 100,000 children are waiting to be adopted, a longitudinal study published in Pediatrics on June 7, 2010† (ProCon. org, 2013). This study â€Å"found that children of lesbian mothers were rated higher than children of heterosexual parents in social and academic competence. The children also had fewer social problems† (ProCon. org, 2013). â€Å"Another study on July 2010 found that children of gay fathers were â€Å"as well-adjusted as those adopted by heterosexual parents†Ã¢â‚¬  (ProCon. rg, 2013) In conclusion, legalizing same-sex marriage can be a very beneficial thing for our government as well as the economy. With the change of times, generations and eras, it’s time to change the ways and views of traditional values. â€Å"Two people of the same sex who love each other should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment and receive the same benefits of marriage as opposite sex couples† (ProCon. org). â€Å"There is no such thing as traditional marriage† (ProCon. org). It’s time to except the revolution!

7 Language Techniques for Your Improvement

7 Language Techniques for Your Improvement What are the language techniques? These are special things  authors use  to make their writing more interesting for readers. As a result, people can read the book and imagine better everything that the author describes. The audience understands the entire story better. In this short guide, we will give you some definitions and examples of language techniques. Remember these techniques are important in writing, whether you're creating an essay or working on your book. If you're not familiar with language techniques but want to create a successful persuasive essay, it is not a problem for our skilled specialists. Our experienced writing company can make a wonderful paper under your needs and instructions. They know exactly how to create a perfect story using various language techniques. ORDER MY PERFECT PAPER NOW 7 Great Language Techniques to Improve your Writing Let's discuss the most interesting and effective language techniques that will improve your writing and help to create interesting stories without stress. Assonance. This technique is used to create an internal rhythm in sentences and phrases. It can be created with a repetition of the vowel sounds. Many writers use assonance to attract readers' attention. It helps to set the mood of reading.   Example of assonance - read the famous poem from Dylan Thomas sets the mood for readers: "Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light.   Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light."   Imagery. It is a language technique used by writers to draw an impressive and bright image in the minds of their audience. Example of imagery - read William Shakespeare's poem "Romeo and Juliet" where the author uses imagery of darkness and light: â€Å"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Imperative. Writers use this language technique when they need to create a commanding tone in their texts. Usually, imperatives are used in books for heroes to give orders, instructions, or requests. Example of imperative - read the following sentences: Do not eat anything after 6 pm! (instruction or order) Feel free to call me tomorrow (invitation) Stop saying this way! (order) Read the article to the end fast! (instruction or order) Idioms. These are phrases used by authors to make your writing more impressive for the audience. Read the most bright idioms below. Example of idioms in sentences: She was going to call it a night (she was going to bed) Last year, I missed my boat in college (I missed my opportunity) He said yesterday he missed a game because he felt under the weather (he was sick) I go to parties with friends once in a blue moon (I go partying very rare) She's sure that writing isn't her cup of tea (not a thing she can do successfully) Neologism. These are old phrases used by people very rare. It was invented by Shakespeare. We can find a lot of neologisms in his famous poems. Examples of neologism - read a sentence from â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†: â€Å"Pardon, old father, my mistaking eyes, That have been so bedazzled with the sun That everything I look on seemeth green.† Shakespeare invented the word "bedazzled" to describe rhinestone-embellished clothing. You may read a lot of other neologisms in his poems. Onomatopoeia. It means to copy sounds of a thing. It is used by authors in descriptive writings to make them more interesting and impressive.   Example of onomatopoeia - it is used by Edgar Allan Poe in his poem "The Bells": â€Å"How they clang, and clash, and roar! What a horror they outpour On the bosom of the palpitating air! Yet the ear it fully knows, By the twanging And the clanging, How the danger ebbs and flows; Yet the ear distinctly tells, In the jangling And the wrangling, How the danger sinks and swells, - By the sinking or the swelling in the anger of the bells, Of the bells, Of the bells, bells, bells, bells - In the clamor and the clangor of the bells!†Ã‚   Personification. Authors use personification to add non-human objects feelings and things from a human. This helps to turn the attention of the audience. Personification is used by many famous writers to make their stories more impressive.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Examples of personification - the poem by William Wordsworth "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud":   â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.†Ã‚   In this poem, the author brings the beauty of nature to real life. He personalised daffodils as dancing people and describes himself as a cloud that enjoys the show. GET MY SUCCESSFUL ESSAY FROM PROFESSIONALS Get Professional Writing Help with the Best Language Techniques Is it difficult for you to create a good paper? Trust our specialists and receive a successful essay on time without delays! Impress your audience with a bright descriptive or persuasive essay. Our team of professionals can write a wonderful text people will read to the end! Here are our main guarantees: Quality documents with language techniques. Low price to save money in your pocket. Fast work to provide clients with successful papers. A simple process of ordering your essay online.

Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight

Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight Obesity Obesity also called CORPULENCE, or FATNESS, excessive accumulation of body fat, usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are then stored as fat, or adipose tissue. Overweight, if moderate, is not necessarily obesity, particularly in muscular or large-boned individuals. In general, however, a body weight 20 percent or more over the optimum tends to be associated with obesity. The body's ability to adjust food intake to body needs can be disturbed by numerous factors. Of these, hormone imbalances and glandular defects are believed to be of least importance, being demonstrable in only bout 5 percent of all obese individuals. Although obesity may be familial, suggestive of a genetic predisposition to fat accumulation, there is also evidence that early feeding patterns imposed by the obese mother upon her offspring may play a major role in a cultural, rather than genetic, transmission of obesity from one generation to the next. More generally, the distinctive way of life of a nation and the individual's behavioral and emotional reaction to it may contribute significantly to widespread obesity. Among the affluent populations, an abundant supply of readily available high-calorie foods and beverages, coupled with increasingly sedentary living habits that markedly reduce caloric needs, can easily lead to overeating. The stresses and tensions of modern liv! ing also cause some individuals to turn to foods and alcoholic drinks for "relief." Obesity may be undesirable from an aesthetic sense, especially in parts of the world where slimness is the popular preference; it is also a serious medical problem. Generally, obese persons have a shorter life expectancy; they suffer earlier, more often, and more severely from a large number of diseases than do their normal-weight counterparts. They are also more likely to die prematurely of degenerative diseases of the heart, arteries, and kidneys. More die of accidents and diabetes, and more constitute poor surgical risks than persons with normal weight. Mental health is also affected; behavioral consequences of an obese appearance, ranging from shyness and withdrawal to overly bold elf- assertion, may be rooted in neuroses and psychoses. The treatment of obesity has two main objectives: removal of the causative factors, which may be difficult if the causes are of emotional or psychological origin; and removal of surplus fat by reducing food intake. Return to normal body weight by reducing calorie intake is best done under medical supervision. Dietary fads and reducing diets that produce quick results without effort are of doubtful effectiveness in reducing body weight and keeping it down, and most are actually deleterious to health. (See dieting.) Obesity is to be distinguished from overweight caused by edema (excess retention of fluids) stemming from various diseases.

What has motivated the desire to pursue primary care practice Essay

What has motivated the desire to pursue primary care practice - Essay Example The researcher tells that his desire to be a practitioner in the medical or healthcare field began long ago. Having witnessed several people suffering to their death for lack of good healthcare during his days as a young person, the researcher developed the passion for learning how to save lives. Saving lives remains my main motivation in life and indeed in my pursuit of further education. While this is the case, the researcher is specifically motivated to pursue primary care practice by the fact that the prevention of diseases or health problems is far better and more desirable than their cure. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, primary care practice encompasses several activities including counseling, diagnosis and treatment of chronic and acute ailments, patient education, health maintenance, health promotion, and disease prevention. Being the first point of entry into the healthcare system for patients, it is imperative that the practice remains dedicated to ensuring that the patient as much as possible recovers without developing complications related to their initial ailments as noted by. While the researcher wishes to see too patients and the general public lead healthier lives, he is more biased toward getting them educated so that they possibly avoid getting sick and take necessary measures to avoid having their situations worsened as a result of negligence or lack of knowledge. Furthermore, the researcher is most supportive of the idea of preventing, diagnosing and treating illnesses early enough before the patient condition gets worse.

Compare two german films. Metropolis by Fritz Lang and Nowhere in Essay

Compare two german films. Metropolis by Fritz Lang and Nowhere in Africa by Caroline Link - Essay Example It shows the effects of denial or acceptance of ones position in the society. Metropolis has a very strong relation with the music an sounds of the industrial age. The fascination with the Russian â€Å"machine sounds† of the time, the locomotive engines , large factory machines and the amazing wonders of the industrial age were the heart of the film to express the future that was yet to be. It is no wonder the movie tends to be associated with this effects. Nowhere in Africa, contrasts this with the music of the contemporary 21st century society. One significant difference that is observable in these two films is the fact that Metropolis is a silent film. Nowhere in Africa presents its gist to the audience through dialogue and music, Metropolis on the other hand it is only the music and the emotions that can express to the audience the characters feelings. Each and every person who views it interprets it in the best way he or she understands it. In addition to this fact, the two movies present a paradox of each other. For instance, Metro is a film that was made in 1927. It is however a flash forward science fiction depicting a future date in which it is set. It tries to reveal the fears that were in the hearts of the society at the time it was being made and what they harbored. The dystopia in which it is set develops from a capitalist society that is scary to them and portends unimaginable hardships. Nowhere in Africa on the other hand is set in retrospect. It is based on an autobiographical novel is a society that knows what has already happened, and can appreciate the gist of the movie. It was made in the twenty first century and reveals the horrors of years past, of a regime that is infamous and the effect that it had on one particular family. Uprooted from their homeland, the community that they were used to and the status that they really enjoyed, they find themselves in a distant place in Africa, running a farm in Kenya, a colony which does not g ive them the same status, facilities, utilities and amenities that their high class lifestyle was accustomed to. Metropolis and Nowhere in Africa present several similarities too. For instance, the former is considered the last among several great adventures of the silent screen during the time. It had a series or serious and ambitiously absurd plotting that attacked the society’s view of the future. The movie was created in a Germany that was changing, and changing rapidly. The imperialist administration had died and several people were afraid, almost paranoid, about what the future held for them. This is why the director of the film presented similar sentiments and prophetic looks as to a future that lay before them, the fear of capitalism. Nowhere in Africa has also won several accolades in its time. It also draws comparisons from the Metropolis. Set retrospectively, the movie shows the fears that the contemporary have come to understand. While in a way it also presents it s fears for a communist society it also show how a large